Receiver for electric signaling.



R. A. FESSENDEN RECEIVER FOR ELECTRIC SIGNALIN Patentgd June 2.2; 195.8.

APPLICATION PILED JAN. 6, 1906 FIELI- frrrE NA'rmN nELEorRIc To all it may concern: I

" DEN, a citizen of the United States, I

District of Columbia, have *nnemann A. r'nssnnnnnjnncnrvpn iron nni crnrh srsnA Iive.

L Specification of'LettersfPatent:

. r'atateu June 21,

qriginal application' filed January. 9, 1805, Serial No..240,2$8i 'Iiiiridedandthis application filed 'January 6L 190s. s riaiua'aeaeaa' t Be it known that I, REGINALD 'AvFESSEnF residing at Washington,

invented" a certain new and useful Receiver y invention relates to receivers for, sigyna'ling' by currents or electromagnetic waves [and has for its 'object' a constructionwherein a-substance is changed as to one or more i --of its characteristics by the action of ourduces or controls cation.

rents' or electromagnetic waves and the changed portion is caused to leave the. point of change and after leaving such point probodying my improvement; Figs. 2 and 3 are vated receptacle,

- especially similar views illustrating modified arrangements of receiving and indicating circuits.

In the practice of my invention, the vessel, 1, which is preferably glass, has its upper and lower portions connected by a constriated portion, 2, through which a movement of the substance employed, as for example a 20% solution of nitric acid, may be established. In the construction shown, this movement of. the liquid, which is for the purpose of causing the portion of the" liquid acted on by the electro-magnetic waves to pass through the constricted portion,-is produced 'by' the flow. of liquid front an ele- 3, connected by a tube, 4", to the lower portion of the yessel, 1. outlet from the upper portion of the vessel is formed by the tube, 5, provided with a valve, 6, for regulating the rate of flow of liquid through the constricted portion, 2. Terminals, 7 and 8, "of a local circuit which includes an indicating battery, 10, are so located'that the liquid,

that portion; forming the constriated conducting path, will form apart of 'f the local-circuit.

-for Electric Signaling, 0f which the followthe production, of an indi mechanism, 9, and a Twoi terminals, 11 and 12, one small and the other preferably .larger, areso arranged with reference to the constricted portion, 2,

11, to andithrough the constricted portion, 2. These terminals may be directly or indi On the passage of a current terminals, 11, and 12,a portionofthesubstance contained in the vessel; 1 will be" istics, e.-g. if the substance be electrolyzable, a bubble will be 4 changed moves or is causedto move away .local circuit.

ried by the movement a material reduction of current flowing understood,

, movement of bubbles from may be observed or the movement. of the containing an indicating mechanism. Electrolysis, of gas,

natin-g currents because when the electrodes are larg the film of during the passage of the positive half of ing on the electrode, contain a suiiicient quantity of gas to enable electrode. half of the current wave passingfand evolv 'ing hydrogen, the hydrogen combines; with the oxygen, an

amount of liquid is reproduced. Should, however, either one or .both terminals-be,

but in the form of a thicklayer whose buoyancy will be such -that"it. will break through such path. As will ;be readily the movement of'theportion of the substance acted on, as for example,-} the the fine terminal,

85 changed portion may control a localcircui' t l as a consequence at. the; end of each complete wave the original" made so small that there is a large amount of gas per unit of area of the electrode, the" gas will not exist in the form of a thin sheet or whsrrrucroir', 'nrs'rnrc'r'or comm-BIA,- assiduousreuarime COMPANY, A CORPQR;ATION or NEW annsny.

that the movement of the substance in the a vessel, 1, Wlll be from the 'small terminahw' rectly connected to the receiving conductor.

between the '65 changed as to one or more of its characterformed at the fine terminal, '11. The portion of the substance thus 7 0" from thefine terminal and-so act upon the constricted conducting path as to produce a change in the current flowing through the v f In the case-of the electro lytic action the bubble will float or-be car-- of the liquid through I the constricted portion,2, and thereby breaking the local clrcuit or so reducing the con-1 stricted conducting fluid path .as to produce which includes the evolution is not ordinarily producedby alters".

oxygen gas--"pro(iluced-.

the current wave produces .only a thin coat and this film does'not it to form bubbles and to float up from the Consequently, on the negative? awayfrom the electrode and floatupward. lVhenthis-is the case, the gasefizowedduring'the positive half of thekwave,'w-ill noti be in contact with the electrode whenfthe negative half passes, and consequently, will not recombine again. to form; the'lliquidi During the negat vehalf oi the wave consequently theihydrogen gas will be evolved which in turn will float: away and the result Q is that both oxygen and hydrogen will'be evolved'and the solution will be electroly'zed. Hence, when .el'ectroly'zable substances are employe'd,.th e terminal, 11, should-be made suiiicientlyfin'e to permit of electrolysis by the alternatingcurrentsproduced by electromagnetic "Waves.

even, the 1 small '1 amount of 1 By making the surface sufliciently small, current flowing at 'theve'ry beginning of theihalf wave may be'rsuflicientto-crowd allthe rdst'of the gas evolved duiingfthe main part of the Wave" away from the electrode so'thatpractically the whole of the alternating current is eiiectiv e'injproducing electrolysis q amount of hydrogen gasevolvfed from the jfine terminal' 'willnot generally mean more'tha'n the amount of oxygen and in the figure shownboth gases will. be carried upward by' 'thewcurrent of liquid and at some period of time-will form a bubble as-shown in the "constricted bubble-occupiesthe position shown the cir cuit of the-local battery, "10,: will betotally or partially obstructedand an indication will be produced by the indicator, 9. In addition to the gasevolved directly by electrolysis, gas may'beevolved by the h'eating,.eflect of the alternating current jwaves 'oii'fthe fluid in case theflnid contains a gas.- This will also float upward at the sametime'and will assist to produce anin- "CllCatiOIl. g 'recelver of the type herein described 1s shown connected so that there will bea constantly flowing current between the electrodes, 7-and 8, anda constant evolution of gas "which; will produce a constant amount .of obstructions'in the constricted portion, 2.

When the currents produced bythe electromagnetic waves flow between the terminals,

"11 and'12,additional gas' will'be evolved and change of current mav a change will-take place in the amount of obstruct-ions in the porti n, 2. This change of'obstruction" will cause a changenof current from the local battery, 10, and this necting the receiver herein s hown,13 being the-vertical grounded at a, 14 and 15 being primary .and secondary of the transformer, the receiver constructed as described -is placedina tuned bircuit containing the condenser, 18, 9 being the indicating mech-' anismand IOthelocal batter v In Fig. 3 .is shown an arrangement of for pro change of conductivity'in a portion of saidmoving 1t.

portion, 2. When this e madeto efi'ectthe indicator, 9. Fig. Qshows amethod of.con-= for pro ucin'ga' bubble in sai rentin' the local" circuit.

' 7. A receiver comprising a substance 'alterable {by electromagnetic waves and a local circnitincluding' said substance, ,means acacia circuits whereby the liquid and" the terminals, li and 12, form aereceiver' arranged in operative relation to the rece ving con} 'ductor,'l3,; and -also in a tunedjlocal circuit with- -the indicator, 20. This circuit is ,p'ref-- rably closed as shown; this local circuit, a second local circuit Slml-' N 0 claim is made herein' to'the method described with some particularity of receiving electromagnetic waves as such. method forms the subject-matter'of an -a 'phcatl'on :iiled'b'y me January 9th, x1905, rial No.

240,268, of which this case i sa' division.

I claim as my, invention 1112* addition to;v

-l. A receiver -for--electro-magnetic-waves having. in 'comblnation' a constricted con ducting-fluid path, means for producing a bubble and means for causing the bubble to move into the constricted fluid path. 2. A' receiver'for electro-magnetic wayes having in combinationa flowing liquid and means operative by electro-magnetlcwayes ucmg a slgnalmgjor lndicating' liquid by changing it physical state 3. .A receiver for electrounagnetic waves having in combination a constricted'channel connecting two bodies of liquid, means '0 er-; i

por means for causing the g I ative by electro-lna'gnetic waves for pr ing a/chan e in the hysical state 0 a tionof the iquid and changed portion t'o'alter the conductivity by traversing the constricted channel.

-4. A receiver for electro-magnetic waves having in combination a constricted channel, a liquid, means for causin through the-constricted c annel and means operative by electro-magnetic waves for'so producing a change in a portion of the.

stance "alterable by the liquid to flow such movement in anew position of the changed portion.

6. A receiver for electro-ma eticT waves having in 'combinatlon e ectrolyzable liquid formin apart :of a local circuit,

etic waves means 0 erative {by 'electro-ma liquid and means moving said bubble to vary the ourto pass received waves through the substance for gasi v liquld, and aj-signalingl instrument'operated thereby changethe state of a portion of it, means to move the changed ortion to a new position, and means to e ect a signal lay the presence of the changed substance 'in' new position changing the conductivity of the circuit.

8. A wave'detectorcompri sing a movable column of liquid forming partof an electric circuit, means to gasify'a 'part of the moving liquid, and'an-"indicatin instrument operated by the motion of substantially 'as described. "I; 1

9. A wave-"detector'comprising an electric circuit formed in parts;

i a moving column of liquid means operat by received Waves tying 'a part-ofthe said column of e gas so formed;

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my a a REGINALD A. FESSENDEN.

Witnesses; I

Dono'rnpz O. THURMAN, JESSIE E. BENT. 

